Everything about Nine-rank System totally explained
The
Nine rank system (
pinyin: jiǔ pǐn zhōng zhèng zhī or jiǔ pǐn guǎn rén fǎ), or much less commonly
Nine grade controller system, was a
civil service nomination system during the
Three Kingdoms and the
Southern and Northern Dynasties in
China.
Chen Qun, a court official of the
Kingdom of Wei standardized its details.
Theoretically, local government authorities were given the task of selecting talented candidates, then categorizing them into nine grades depending on their abilities. In practice, however, only the rich and powerful would be selected.
The Nine Rank System was eventually superseded by the
Imperial examination system for the civil service in the
Sui Dynasty.
Ranking of Officials
During the Tang Dynasty, the Nine-rank system developed into a method of classification for civil officials and military officers serving the court, from local levels to national levels. Those directly under the Emperor heading the top departments were considered
First Pin (Grade), and those who are county judicial officers, for example, were generally
Ninth Pin. Some of the nine grades were further divided into
zheng(正; regular),
cong (從; deputy),
shang (上; upper) and
xia (下; lower) grades. Therefore in theory, the whole classification system actually holds more than eighteen ranks. In reality the subdivisions were customized in specific central and local departments; for instance, one department consisted of twelve ranks whereas another composed of sixteen.
The current Chinese
Cadre ranking system is loosely based on this historical system.
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